As countries became increasingly aware of the severe consequences of climate change, they began to prioritize renewable energy solutions. The United Nations has identified six commonly used renewable energy sources, with solar power and wind energy being the top two. Other sources include geothermal, hydropower, ocean energy, and bioenergy. Another contender gaining popularity is hydrogen.
According to the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), the global installed capacity of solar and wind power reached 942GW and 786GW, respectively, in 2021. In contrast, the global installed capacity of hydrogen electrolysers was only 0.7GW, indicating that solar and wind power are currently much more popular. The high cost of production, lack of infrastructure, and safety concerns are cited as reasons for this. Nonetheless, hydrogen is seen as a promising renewable energy source.
Hydrogen Potential
Hydrogen is projected to play a significant role in the transition to a clean energy future and is expected to become more popular in the years to come as the cost of production decreases and proper infrastructure is developed. Sarawak announced plans to develop a green hydrogen economy, with two facilities expected to be operationalised by 2027. Additionally, Kuching plans to install an urban transportation structure using a hydrogen-powered autonomous rapid transit system.
By 2030, the global installed capacity of hydrogen electrolysers is projected to reach 85GW, signifying significant growth. The appeal of hydrogen lies in its potential as a clean, versatile, and storable energy carrier. It is a zero-emission alternative to fossil fuels and can be used for transportation, power generation, and industrial applications.
Hydrogen is primarily produced through electrolysis, which splits water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen using an electric current. If the electricity used in this process is generated using a renewable source like solar, wind, or water, then the hydrogen is considered green. Sarawak’s hydrogen production is generated from the state’s abundant hydropower, making it a green resource.
Challenges and Opportunities
Despite its potential, there are barriers to using hydrogen as a renewable resource. The production cost is high, and electrolysis is an expensive and energy-intensive process. Safety concerns due to hydrogen’s flammability and corrosiveness also need to be addressed. However, as economies adopt hydrogen and new technologies emerge, the costs may decrease, and hydrogen could become increasingly pivotal in the future, especially in transportation as demand for clean energy sources to achieve net zero increases.
